1. To explore and examine the theory of solidification, diffusion, dislocation, phase transformation in solid and fracture.
2. To enable students to know the fundamentals of solidification, including nucleation, growth of pure substance, alloys and eutectics.
3. To introduce the Fick's first and second law of diffusion and the enable students to know the effects of temperature and structure on diffusion and diffusion mechanism.
4. To introduce theory of dislocation including definition of dislocation, elastic properties of dislocation, dislocation movement, and dislocation in real crystals; discuss the application of dislocation theory.
5. To introduce the fundamentals of phase transformation in solids including interface in solid, thermodynamics of solid solution, nucleation and growth of preceipitates, kinetic of phase transformation, spinodal transformation and martensite phase transformation.
6. To introduce the fracture mechanics and the mthods to determine the fracure toughness and the application of fracture mechnics to practical materials engineering design.

• Fundamentals of Solidification
  • Brief introduction to the structure of liquid, cluster size of solid in liquid.
  • Homogeneous nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, rate of nucleation and nucleation time as a function of temperature, TTT curve
  • Application of nucleation theory, refinement of microstructure, formation of metallic glass.
  • Briefly introduction to melting
  • Growth of pure substance: interface structure at atomic and microscopic scales, facet and non-facet interfaces, interface stability of pure substance and growth of interface.
  • Growth of alloy: equilibrium solidification, solidification under conditions of no-diffusion in the solid and diffusional mixing in liquid, and no diffusion in solid and perfect mixing in liquid; constitutional undercooling and zone remelting.
  • Eutectic solidification: classification of eutectic, eutectic interface spacing; competitive growth of dendritic and eutectic phases and coupled zone.
• Introduction to Diffusion
  • Fick's first law of diffusion and Fick's second law of diffusion.
  • Application of second law in semiconductor materials.
  • Effect of temperature on diffusion, diffusion mechanism.
• Dislocation Theory
  • Definition of dislocation, theoretical stress of a perfect crystal, edge, screw dislocation and mixed dislocation, Burgers circuit and burgers vector slip plane.
  • Elastic properties of dislocation: stress fields of screw and edge dislocation, using rectangular and cylindrical co-ordinates; strain energy of screw and edge dislocation; force on the dislocation: force on the curved dislocation due to line tension and force on dislocation under stress; force between two edge dislocations and two parallel screw dislocations.
  • Dislocation movement: climb and glide and their characteristics; interaction between dislocations: jog and kink. interaction between two edge dislocation and interaction between edge and screw dislocation and interaction between screw dislocations; movement of dislocation with a jog.
  • Dislocation in real crystal: unit dislocation, Shochley partial dislocation and stacking fault; Cottrell-Lomer lock, Frank partial dislocation.
  • Application of dislocation theory: Peierls-Nabarro barrier; dislocation pile-ups and Hall-Pitch relationship. strengthening by particles: particle cutting and particle looping.
• Phase transformation in Solid.
  • Interface in solid: fully coherent, semicoherent and incoherent interfaces; interfacial energy and strain energy and coherency loss.
  • Binary solution: free energy of ideal solution and regular solution; equilibrium in heterogeneous systems and free energy and binary phase diagrams; influence of interface on equilibrium.
  • Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation; precipitation growth: precipitate thickening, precipitate coarsening and time dependence of particle mean size.
  • Kinetics of phase transformation and TTT diagram.
  • Spinodal transformation, thermodynamic explanation and uphill diffusion.
  • Martensite transformation: thermodynamic of martensite transformation; crystallography of martensite transformation (Bain model), characteristics of martensite transformation. strengthening of martensitic steel.
• Introduction to Fracture and Fracture mechanism
  • Notch effect and stress concentration. Fracture modes
  • Plane stress and plane strain conditions, stress intensity factor and fracture toughness; determination of fracture toughness
  • Application of toughness consideration in engineering materials design: determination of critical crack length, strength, and leak before break.

1. Fundamentals of Physical Metallurgy, J.D. Verhoeven, Wiley, New York 1975.
2. Modern Physical Metallurgy, R.E. Smallman, 4th, ed, Butterworth, London, 1985.
3. Physical Metallurgy Principles, R.E. Reed-Hill, 2nd, ed, Van Nostrand, 1973.
4. Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, D.A. Porter and K.E. Easter, 2nd Chapman & Hall, London, 1992.
5. Elementary Dislocation Theory, J. Weertman and J.R. Weertman, 2nd, New York, Oxford University Press, 1992.
6. Introduction to Dislocation D. Hull and D.J. Bacon, 3rd Pergamon Press, New York, 1984.
7. Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, R.W. Hertzberg, 3rd, Wiley, New York.

1. Physical Metallurgy, P. Haasen, 2nd Cambridge University Press, New York, 1986.
2. Physical Metallurgy, edited by R.W. Cahn and P Haasen, 3rd (1983) and 4th (1996), North-Holland, New York.
3. Fundamentals of Solidification, W. Kurz and D.J. Fisher, 3rd Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 1989.
4. Solidification Processing, M.C. Flemmings, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974.
5. Eutectic Solidification Processing, R. Elliott, Butterworth, London, 1983.
6. Theory of Dislocation J.P. Hirth and J. Lothe, 2nd, Wiley, New York, 1982.
7. Theory of Crystal Dislocation F.R.N. Nabarro, Clarendon, Oxford, 1967.
8. The Theory of Transformation in Metals and Alloys, J.W. Christian, Pergamon, London, 1965.

After finishing this module you should be able to
1. Understand theory of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, and nucleation rate; and TTT curve and its application to glass forming
2. Understand the interface structure at atomic and microscopic scales and its effect on the growth morphology of the phases.
3. Understand the alloy solidification under various conditions. In addition to this, students should understand constitution undercooling and zone melting.
4. Understand classification of eutectics and competitive growth of dendritic and eutectic phases.
5. Understand Fick's first and second law of diffusion. The solution of second law and it application under various conditions and diffusion mechanism.
6. Understand what is dislocation, the types of dislocation and their characteristics, including Burgers circuit and Burgers vector.
7. Understand the elastic properties of dislocation: stress and strain fields of dislocation and force on dislocation.
8. Understand the dislocation movement including, climb and glide; jog and kink and interaction between two dislocations.
9. Discuss dislocation in real crystal, particularly Shockley partial dislocation, Cottrel-Lomer lock and Frank-partial dislocation. Discuss the application of dislocation theory.
10. Understand the fully coherent, semicoherent and incoherent interfaces in solids and their energies.
11. Understand the free energy of ideal and regular solution, equilibrium in heterogeneous systems and the influence of interface on equilibrium.
12. Understand homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, and growth of precipitation. Discuss the kinetics of phase transformation and TTT curve.
13. Understand spinodal transformation and uphill diffusion.
14. Understand Martensite transformation, thermodynamic of martensite transformation, Bain model of crystallography of martensite transformation and characteristics of this transformation.
15. Finally understand the notch effect and stress concentration, plane stress and strain conditions. Know the methods to measure the fracture toughness and the application of fracture toughness in engineering materials design.

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